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An experimental demonstration of diamond formation in the dolomite-carbon and dolomite-fluid-carbon systems

Institute of Mineralogy and Petrography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Koptyuga pr., 3, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia

^* Corresponding author: e-mail: palyanov{at}uiggm.nsc.ru

The results of a study of diamond crystallisation in dry and fluid-rich dolomite-carbon systems are presented. For the dry system an induction period preceding spontaneous diamond nucleation was found of about 4 h at 7 GPa, 1700 °C. No diamonds were observed after 42 h of reaction at 5.7 GPa, 1420 °C. Adding H₂O and H₂O-CO₂ fluids to the dolomite-carbon system resulted in spontaneous diamond nucleation at 1420 °C, and growth of diamond on seed crystals at 1300–1420 °C. In the presence of H₂O or H₂O-CO₂ fluids, dolomite decomposes to dolomite solid solution + brucite + aragonite. Results of the experiments indicate that dolomitic melts in the mantle, enriched in H₂O and CO₂, promote the formation of natural diamond.

Key-words: diamond crystallisation, dolomite, carbon, fluid, HP/HT experiments.

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