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European Journal of Mineralogy; March, April 2004; v. 16; no. 2; p. 279-284; DOI: 10.1127/0935-1221/2004/0016-0279
© 2004 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Science Publishers
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Articles

Mixed phosphate-sulfate fluor apatites as possible materials in dental fillers

Andreas PIOTROWSKI1, Volker KAHLENBERG2 and Reinhard X. FISCHER3

1 Heraeus Kulzer GmbH, Research & Development, Philipp-Reis-Str. 8, D-61273 Wehrheim/Ts., Germany
2 Institut für Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 52, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria, Corresponding author, e-mail: Volker.Kahlenberg{at}uibk.ac.at
3 Universität Bremen, Fachbereich Geowissenschaften (Kristallographie), Klagenfurter Straße, D-28359 Bremen, Germany

A series of sulfate-phosphate apatite samples of formal composition NaxCa10-x(SO4)x(PO4)6-xF2 (x = 1,2,...,6) were prepared by solid state reactions and hydrothermal techniques. Rietveld analyses based on X-ray diffraction data clearly indicate that the samples synthesized by solid state reaction of the reactants Na2SO4, CaSO4, CaF2, and Ca3(PO4)2 consist of a mixture of two apatite end-members Na6Ca4(SO4)6F2 and Ca10(PO4)6F2 which contradicts previous work assuming a solid solution series between the end-members. The X-ray diffraction powder patterns of the samples synthesized by hydrothermal methods show a splitting of reflections which can be interpreted as a monoclinic reduction of the hexagonal symmetry, thus representing an apatite-like phase of the solid solution series with sulfate and phosphate groups. The hydrothermally synthesized compounds exhibit physical properties that are required for dental applications where apatite-like phases are used as fillers in composite materials.

Key-words: phosphate-sulfate apatite, solid solution, Rietveld study, dental filler, biomaterial.






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