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The provenance of "red marble" monuments from the 12^th-18^th centuries in Hungary

¹ Lehrstuhl für Geochemie, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Universität Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 56, Germany
² Department of Petrology and Geochemistry, Institute of Geology, Eötvös University, Pázmány sétány 1/c, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
³ Laboratory for Geochemical Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budaörsi út 45, H-1112 Budapest, Hungary

Corresponding author, e-mail: farkas.pinter{at}uni-tuebingen.de

"Red marble" (Liassic-Dogger nodular limestone, ammonitico rosso) which was mined as a decorative stone, played an important role in the art of Central Europe and especially in Hungary in the past centuries. Quarries are known from the Gerecse-Mts. (Hungary), Adnet, (Austria), Menyháza (Romania) and Verona (Italy). Determination of the provenance of the "red marble" monuments is not feasible on the basis of petrographical methods only, because the two most typical and important Central European "red marble" occurrences (the Gerecse-Mountains, Hungary and Adnet, Austria) have the same geological age and had formed in similar environments. It is possible, on the basis of stable isotope analysis, to separate the raw material from the Hungarian and Austrian quarries; it enabled us to conduct provenance studies of archaeological objects from Hungary, Upper Hungary (present Slovakia) and Transylvania (present Romania). The results are in accordance with several historical theories, but also provide additional information on the distribution of this important artistic material.

Key-words: provenance, "red marble", Liassic-Dogger nodular limestone, Gerecse-Mountains, Adnet, Menyháza, stable isotope geochemistry, petrography, monument.