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European Journal of Mineralogy; January, February 2006; v. 18; no. 1; p. 59-69; DOI: 10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0059
© 2006 E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Science Publishers
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Articles

Illitic substitution in micas of very low-grade metamorphic clastic rocks

Isabel ABAD1,*, Fernando NIETO2, Gabriel GUTIÉRREZ-ALONSO3, Margarita DO CAMPO4, Aurora LÓPEZ-MUNGUIRA5 and Nicolás VELILLA2

1 Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
2 Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología and IACT, Universidad de Granada, CSIC, 18002 Granada, Spain
3 Departamento de Geología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
4 Instituto de Geocronología y Geología isotópica, Ciudad Universitaria (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina
5 Área de Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain

* Corresponding author, e-mail: miabad{at}ujaen.es

The chemical compositions of micas from six well-characterised sequences have been jointly evaluated in order to analyse the behaviour of illitic substitution (SiAl–1{square}K–1) in relation to diagenetic/metamorphic grade. Data from ~265 crystals, corresponding to 48 samples, were obtained through EDX analyses in SEM and TEM and the influence of analytical artefacts, such as contamination and alkali loss, was critically evaluated. From diagenesis to low epizone, the compositions of the micas are highly heterogeneous at the sample level, do not show systematic differences between grades, and include a significant illitic component, ranging from {Sigma}interlayer cations = 0.6 to 1.0 a.f.u. At high epizone (Köbler Index < 0.2 {Delta}°2{theta}), a very significant textural change is accompanied by homogenisation of the chemical composition and a reduction of the illitic component to very low values. Our data suggest continuity in the composition between illite and muscovite and do not allow us to confirm the existence of a miscibility gap in low-T environment natural samples. Some of the mica analyses reaching Si contents of around 3.5 a.f.u. correspond to interlayercation population contents in the range of 0.6–0.7 a.f.u., indicating illitic substitution. Therefore, thermobarometry of low-temperature phengites based only on the Si-content, without taking into account the illitic component, would result in pressure overestimates.

Resumen: Se evalüan de manera conjunta los datos químicos de micas correspondientes a seis secuencias bien caracterizadas previamente, con el objeto de analizar el comportamiento de la sustitución ilítica (SiAl–1{square}K–1), en relación al grado diagenético/metamórfico. Se han empleado los datos químicos obtenidos mediante SEM (EDX) y TEM (AEM) de ~265 cristales pertenecientes a 48 muestras. Se ha considerado críticamente la influencia de artefactos analíticos tales como la contaminación y la volatilización de alcalinos. Desde la diagénesis hasta la epizona débil, las muestras se caracterizan por mostrar micas composicionalmente muy heterogéneas, sin diferencias sistemáticas entre grados y con un componente ilítico significativo, con valores de interlaminares de 0.6 a 1.0 a.f.u. En la epizona intensa (Índice de Kübler < 0.2 {Delta}°2{theta}) un cambio textural importante acompaña a la homogeneización de la composición química de las micas con la consiguiente reducción del componente ilítico a valores muy bajos. Nuestros datos sugieren continuidad en la composición entre ilitas y moscovitas y no permiten confirmar la existencia de un hueco de miscibilidad en ambientes naturales de baja temperatura. Algunos análisis de las micas alcanzan valores de Si de 3.5 a.f.u. junto a una población de interlaminares en el rango de 0.6 a 0.7 a.f.u. que indican claramente la sustitución ilítica. Por tanto, la termobarometría de micas fengíticas de baja temperatura basada sólo en el contenido en Si sin tener en cuenta el componente ilítico, podría producir una sobrevaloración de la presión.

Key-words: illitic component, SEM/EDX, TEM/AEM, mica, low-grade metamorphism, diagenesis.




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